Comparison of electron linac and electron induction accelerator

 

I. Introduction

 

Linear accelerators (Linac) and Betatron or Induction accelerators are two different types of particle accelerators that play an important role in scientific research, medical diagnosis and treatment, and industrial applications. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two accelerators, including their differences in working principle, structural characteristics, performance parameters and application fields, in order to provide reference for the research and application in related fields.

Ii. Overview of electron linAC

 

An electron linear accelerator is a device that continuously accelerates electrons through a microwave electric field. Its basic working principle is to use high-frequency electric fields (such as microwave) to repeatedly accelerate the electrons in the linear acceleration tube, so that the electrons obtain high energy. Electron linAC has the advantages of simple structure, high acceleration efficiency and continuous adjustable energy, so it is widely used in radiation therapy, materials science, nuclear physics and other fields.

 

Overview of the electron induction accelerator

 

An electron induction accelerator is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to accelerate electrons. The basic working principle is that by applying a high-frequency alternating current in the induction coil, a changing magnetic field is generated, which generates an induced electromotive force inside the induction coil, and then accelerates the electrons. The electron induction accelerator has the characteristics of stable acceleration process and continuous energy adjustment, but the structure is relatively complex and the cost is high.

4. Comparison of working principles

 

How the electron linear accelerator works

The working principle of electron linAC is mainly based on the effect of microwave electric field on electron acceleration. In the linear acceleration tube, the microwave electric field interacts with the electron, making the electron accelerate continuously under the action of the electric field force. By adjusting the frequency and intensity of microwave electric field, the electron energy can be adjusted continuously. In addition, the electron linear accelerator can also control the electron trajectory by setting different magnetic field structures in the accelerator tube.

 

How the electron induction accelerator works

The working principle of the betatron is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A high frequency alternating current is applied in the induction coil to produce a changing magnetic field, thereby creating an induced electromotive force inside the induction coil. The electron is accelerated by the induced electromotive force. By adjusting the frequency and intensity of the high frequency alternating current, the electron energy can be continuously adjusted. In addition, the electron induction accelerator can also be controlled by changing the structure and shape of the induction coil.

 

5. Comparison of structural characteristics

 

Structural characteristics of electron linear accelerator

Electron linear accelerator usually consists of microwave source, linear acceleration tube, focusing system, energy control system and so on. The microwave source generates high-frequency microwaves, which are transmitted through waveguides to the linear acceleration tube to accelerate the electrons. Linear acceleration tubes are usually made of metal tubes or ceramic tubes, and multiple acceleration gaps are arranged inside to achieve continuous acceleration of electrons. The focusing system is used to control the focusing and defocusing of the electron beam to ensure the stability and accuracy of the electron beam during transmission. Energy control systems are used to monitor and adjust the energy of electrons in real time to meet the needs of different applications.

 

Structural characteristics of electron induction accelerator

The electron induction accelerator is mainly composed of induction coil, vacuum chamber, electron gun, energy control system and so on. The induction coil is the core component of the betatron, which is used to generate changing magnetic fields and induced electromotive forces. The vacuum chamber is used to provide a vacuum environment for electron movement to reduce the collision loss of electrons with gas molecules. Electron guns are used to generate and emit electron beams. Energy control systems are used to monitor and adjust the energy of electrons in real time.

 

6. Comparison of performance parameters

 

Energy range

The energy range of electron linear accelerators is usually wide, covering an energy range from several hundred kiloelectron volts to tens of MeV. The energy range of the electron induction accelerator is relatively narrow, and it is generally suitable for the generation of low and medium energy electron beams.

 

Energy stability

The electron linear accelerator has good energy stability in the process of acceleration, and can achieve stable output of electron energy by precisely controlling microwave electric and magnetic fields. The electron induction accelerator is slightly less stable in terms of energy, but it can also achieve high stability through optimal design and precise control.

 

Beam quality

The beam produced by electron linAC has high quality, small beam spot size, high beam density and uniform energy distribution. The beam quality of the electron induction accelerator is slightly lower than that of the electron linear accelerator, but it can also achieve higher beam quality through optimal design and precise control.

 

7. Comparison of application fields

 

radiotherapy

Electron linear accelerators are widely used in the field of radiation therapy, such as radiation therapy for cancer and skin diseases. The application of electron induction accelerator in the field of radiation therapy is relatively few, but because of the characteristics of its energy can be continuously adjusted, it has certain application potential.

 

Materials science

In the field of materials science, electron linear accelerators can be used for surface modification, film preparation, nanomaterials synthesis and so on. Betas have relatively few applications in the field of materials science, but they can also be used for some specific material preparation and research work.

 

Nuclear physics research

In the field of nuclear physics, electron linear accelerators can be used to produce high-energy electron beams for nuclear reaction experiments and neutron generation experiments. The application of electron induction accelerator in the field of nuclear physics is relatively few, but because of its unique acceleration principle and structural characteristics, it has certain research value.

 

Viii. Conclusion

 

As two different types of particle accelerators, the linear electron accelerator and the electron induction accelerator have some differences in working principle, structural characteristics, performance parameters and application fields. Electron linAC has the advantages of simple structure, high acceleration efficiency, continuous adjustable energy, etc., and has been widely used in radiation therapy, materials science, nuclear physics and other fields. The electron induction accelerator has a stable acceleration process,