The essence of alpha rays is the high-speed movement of helium nuclei. The essence of beta rays is a high-speed electron flow e. The essence of gamma rays is that they are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than 0.01 angstroms released during nuclear level transitions and de excitation. The specific analysis is as follows:



Alpha rays, also known as "type A rays". It is a stream of alpha particles released by radioactive substances. It can be emitted from various radioactive substances, such as radium. From the direction in which alpha particles deflect in electric and magnetic fields, it can be inferred that they carry a positive charge;

Due to the much larger mass of alpha particles than electrons, they are highly susceptible to ionizing atoms and losing energy when passing through matter. Therefore, their ability to penetrate matter is much weaker than that of beta rays, and they are easily blocked by thin layers of matter. However, they have a strong ionization effect. From the determination of the mass and charge of alpha particles, it is determined that alpha particles are the nuclei of helium atoms;

Beta rays, high-speed electron flow e, have strong penetration ability but weak ionization effect. Beta particles, also known as beta particles, refer to high-energy electrons released when radioactive materials undergo beta decay, with speeds up to 99% of the speed of light. In the process of beta decay, radioactive nuclei transform into another type of nucleus by emitting electrons and neutrinos, and the electrons in the product are called beta particles;



In positive beta decay, a proton in the nucleus is transformed into a neutron while releasing a positron. In negative beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is transformed into a proton while releasing an electron, known as a beta particle;

Gamma rays were first introduced by French scientist P V. Villard's discovery is the third type of nuclear radiation discovered after alpha and beta rays. Gamma rays have strong penetrating power and can be used in industry for flaw detection or automatic control of assembly lines. Gamma rays have cytotoxic effects on cells and are used in medical treatment for tumors;

The essence of alpha rays is the high-speed movement of helium nuclei. The essence of beta rays is a high-speed electron flow e. The essence of gamma rays is that they are electromagnetic waves released during the nuclear level transition and demagnetization of atoms.



The ability of alpha rays to penetrate matter is much weaker than beta rays and is easily blocked by thin layers of matter, but it has a strong ionization effect;
The penetration ability of beta rays is strong, but the ionization effect is weak;

Gamma rays have a short wavelength, strong penetration, long range, and can irradiate many materials at once.