The shielding material for photomultiplier tubes needs to have the following characteristics to ensure that it can effectively protect the photomultiplier tubes from various interferences:

Light transmittance:

For light shielding materials, especially for incident window materials, it is necessary to have good light transmittance to ensure that the light in the target band can smoothly enter the photomultiplier tube.
For example, borosilicate glass can transmit visible incident light from near-infrared to 300nm, suitable for photomultiplier tubes in both visible and near-infrared bands.

Electromagnetic shielding performance:

For electrical and magnetic shielding, materials need to have high conductivity and/or magnetic permeability to eliminate or reduce the influence of electric and magnetic fields on electron beams.
Conductive materials such as copper foil and conductive foam can effectively eliminate electric field interference.
High permeability materials such as electrical pure iron, silicon steel sheets, and iron nickel alloys (such as permalloy) can effectively shield magnetic fields.

Stability:

Shielding materials need to have good stability, especially in environments such as temperature and humidity changes, to maintain their shielding performance stability.
For example, during the operation of a photomultiplier tube, the flow of current may generate a certain amount of heat, and it is required that the shielding material can withstand this temperature change without affecting its performance.

Mechanical strength:

The shielding material needs to have a certain mechanical strength to ensure that it will not be damaged due to external pressure or vibration during the use of photomultiplier tubes.
For example, aluminum alloy shells can provide additional mechanical protection in addition to magnetic shielding.

Processing performance:

Shielding materials need to have good processing performance in order to be processed into various shapes and sizes as needed to adapt to different photomultiplier tube structures.

Corrosion resistance:

Shielding materials need to have good corrosion resistance, especially in humid, corrosive gas environments, to maintain their long-term stability.

Cost effectiveness:

The selection of shielding materials also needs to consider cost-effectiveness, that is, to choose materials with lower costs as much as possible while meeting the above performance requirements.



Photomultiplier tube shielding materials need to have characteristics such as light transmittance (for light shielding), electromagnetic shielding performance, stability, mechanical strength, processing performance, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. In practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate shielding materials based on the specific working environment and requirements of photomultiplier tubes.